Analysis of the technical and economic viability of upcycling sustainable fish waste for bioproduct production

The valorization of fish waste presents a promising avenue for sustainable resource utilization and economic value creation. In this regard, this paper conducted a comprehensive technoeconomic investigation into alternative technologies for the valorization of fish waste. Various technologies, including subcritical water hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and anaerobic digestion, were considered in the analysis. Through economic modelling and sensitivity analyses using ASPEN Plus software, the feasibility and economic viability of different valorization strategies, designated as scenarios (a), (b), and (c) for the production of protein hydrolysate, electricity, protein hydrolysate, fatty acids, and electricity only, respectively, were assessed. The results revealed that utilizing subcritical water technology in scenario (b) yields the most economically viable strategy, with its positive Net Present Value (NPVs) of US$31.67 million indicating economic feasibility. Conversely, the NPVs of scenarios (a) and (c) of -US$24.95 million and of -US$12.09 million respectively demonstrated economic infeasibility. Further investigations into the economic viability demonstrated the important role of processing capacities and operating costs on economic feasibility. Despite challenges and uncertainties, the study underscores the potential for sustainable and economically viable utilization of fish waste, offering valuable insights for decision-makers in the seafood industry.